鄂尔多斯盆地西南部三叠纪末抬升剥蚀事件及热年代学记录   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

王建强  刘池洋  赵红格  张东东  ZATTIN Massimiliano  彭恒 《岩石学报》2020,36(4):1199-1212

三叠纪末期大型鄂尔多斯盆地遭受了中生代成盆以来首次较大规模的抬升剥蚀,显著改造了中晚三叠世延长期盆地面貌,并控制了侏罗纪早期沉积格局和油藏分布,对盆地演化及矿产资源分布产生了重要影响。本文利用地质及大量钻井资料揭示了该期构造事件对盆地的剥蚀改造特征,盆地及周邻地区磷灰石裂变径迹年代学记录并约束了此次构造抬升的时限与过程;综合周邻区域构造研究成果,探讨了其发育的动力学背景。结果表明,鄂尔多斯盆地三叠纪末期的剥蚀具西南强、东北弱的特点,西南部大范围内延长组地层残缺不全,剥蚀量最大可达1000余米;前侏罗纪沉积古地貌总体呈西南高、北东低的特点;其抬升时间始于205～190Ma,西南部稍早于盆地腹部,抬升速率大于1℃/Myr,可持续至中侏罗世(约160Ma)。该期抬升剥蚀事件范围可涉及至盆地西南缘更广阔的区域,与同期秦岭造山带内出现的快速抬升冷却事件具有较好的时空耦合关系,是对秦岭造山带区域构造环境转变的响应和纪录。该研究丰富和发展了三叠纪末期构造事件在华北克拉通的影响,对该区油气、煤炭资源的进一步勘探和评价提供了新的思路,具有一定的现实意义。  相似文献   

Acoustic and petrophysical properties of mechanically compacted overconsolidated sands: Part 2 – Rock physics modelling and applications     

Sirikarn Narongsirikul  Nazmul Haque Mondol  Jens Jahren 《Geophysical Prospecting》2019,67(1):114-127

Part one of this paper reported results from experimental compaction measurements of unconsolidated natural sand samples with different mineralogical compositions and textures. The experimental setup was designed with several cycles of stress loading and unloading applied to the samples. The setup was aimed to simulate a stress condition where sediments underwent episodes of compaction, uplift and erosion. P-wave and S-wave velocities and corresponding petrophysical (porosity and density) properties were reported. In this second part of the paper, rock physics modelling utilizing existing rock physics models to evaluate the model validity for measured data from part one were presented. The results show that a friable sand model, which was established for normally compacted sediments is also capable of describing overconsolidated sediments. The velocity–porosity data plotted along the friable sand lines not only describe sorting deterioration, as has been traditionally explained by other studies, but also variations in pre-consolidation stress or degree of stress release. The deviation of the overconsolidated sands away from the normal compaction trend on the V_P/V_S and acoustic impedance space shows that various stress paths can be predicted on this domain when utilizing rock physics templates. Fluid saturation sensitivity is found to be lower in overconsolidated sands compared to normally consolidated sands. The sensitivity decreases with increasing pre-consolidation stress. This means detectability for four-dimensional fluid saturation changes can be affected if sediments were pre-stressed and unloaded. Well log data from the Barents Sea show similar patterns to the experimental sand data. The findings allow the development of better rock physics diagnostics of unloaded sediments, and the understanding of expected 4D seismic response during time-lapse seismic monitoring of uplifted basins. The studied outcomes also reveal an insight into the friable sand model that its diagnostic value is not only for describing sorting microtextures, but also pre-consolidation stress history. The outcome extends the model application for pre-consolidation stress estimation, for any unconsolidated sands experiencing similar unloading stress conditions to this study.  相似文献   

东海陆架外缘区构造特征及其成因机制     

尚鲁宁  张勇  张训华  曹瑞  孙治雷 《海洋与湖沼》2018,49(6):1178-1189

东海陆架边缘的构造特征记录了有关冲绳海槽张裂过程的关键信息,对于进一步理解海槽的形成演化以及弧后张裂与弧-陆碰撞之间的相互作用至关重要。本文基于多道地震和重磁资料,分析了东海陆架边缘的地形和构造特征,并对冲绳海槽早期张裂过程、北西向断裂带的分隔控制作用、钓鱼岛隆起带南北构造差异和冲绳海槽的向西前展等问题进行了探讨。结果表明,冲绳海槽西侧陆坡存在的分段性,各分段在地形地貌、地层展布和构造特征等方面的不同,体现了其构造演化和现今构造活动性的差异。冲绳海槽中—北段的张裂始于陆架前缘坳陷,在晚中新世向东扩展至整个海槽,晚中新世至今以分散式张裂为主。北西向断裂带对东海陆架边缘不同分段的构造特征和构造活动起到了分隔控制和转换协调作用,控制了不同类型陆坡的形成和发育。受冲绳海槽在全宽度上向西前展的影响,钓鱼岛隆起带南段的基底隆起及其支撑的陆架边缘发生了破坏和沉降,形成基底起伏较大、地形崎岖不平的陆坡。  相似文献   

塔里木盆地塔中II区奥陶系油气差异性分布及其主控因素分析     

沈卫兵  庞雄奇  陈践发  王阳洋  张科  贾颖超  罗广平 《地质论评》2018,64(4):913-926

为探求塔里木盆地塔中II区奥陶系油气水分布规律,对现有勘探成果及断裂、不整合面、构造背景进行分析,应用常规测井、地震及地化等多种方法开展研究。结果表明:塔中II区奥陶系油气分布在平面上呈现出"马鞍状"三分特征,东部塔中I号坡折带、西部塔中10号断裂带多分布气油比、干燥系数、硫化氢含量、含蜡量相对较高、密度相对较低的凝析气藏,两构造带之间的过渡带以挥发性油藏或油藏分布为主;油气在纵向上主要分布于层间不整合面以下300 m范围内。综合分析认为,不整合面纵向上控制了储层、油气藏的主体发育层位,平面上通过差异溶蚀作用造成的储层非均质性控制了油气的主要分布范围;断裂对储层物性具有明显的改善作用,形成有效的输导通道,控制了油气的充注强度及油气藏类型;斜坡背景上的局部构造高点控制了油气的差异分布,越靠近高点,油气越易富集。  相似文献   

鲁西隆起和济阳拗陷耦合关系分析     

申金超  李士成  张斌 《地质与资源》2018,27(5):411-416

通过分析鲁西隆起和济阳拗陷的地壳结构特征,结合二者的空间分布、时间演化及构造上的相关性,发现同处于伸展构造环境且相邻的鲁西隆起和济阳拗陷在地壳结构特征存在明显不同.济阳拗陷表现为地壳均衡的镜像结构特征,不同于地壳呈向上隆起状的鲁西隆起,说明鲁西隆起和济阳拗陷在成因上存在明显差异.济阳拗陷的伸展过程并非由地幔物质主动上涌造成,应是鲁西隆起在隆升过程对济阳拗陷地壳的拖拽作用,鲁西隆起和济阳拗陷的地壳结构特征反映出它们在成因上具有明显的耦合性.  相似文献   

青藏高原新生代古高度研究：现状与展望     

李乐意  常宏  关冲  陶亚玲  沈俊杰  秦秀玲  权春艳  常小红 《地质论评》2021,67(5):1406-1440

青藏高原新生代古高度研究是地球系统科学研究中的一个热点、难点和重点,它是解决地球深部动力学、地貌地形演化和气候变化等各部分相互关系的一个关键突破口。目前以古生物和氧同位素为代表的各种古高度计被用来重建青藏高原新生代的古高度历史,但是不同的研究方法所得到的结果并不一致,关于青藏高原何时隆升到现在的海拔高度存在晚上新世、晚中新世和始新世等不同认识。因为古高度结果的差异,所以对于青藏高原新生代的构造隆升过程和动力机制也存在大的争议。本文首先详细的阐述了部分古高度计的应用原理及其各自的优缺点,收集总结了78条青藏高原古高度研究的成果,梳理了目前青藏高原新生代古高度研究的历史和现状。然后在此基础上讨论了目前高原古高度研究的特点和存在的问题,即地层年代学、氧同位素和古生物古高度计结果的协调、“以点带面”、区域研究程度差异较大、替代性指标的多解性、古纬度影响、地质时期温度递减率的不确定性、全球气候变化的影响等特点和问题。最后就存在的特点和问题指出在恢复青藏高原新生代古高度时所需要完善和注意的方面,其中最重要的是注重地层年代学的可靠性。  相似文献   

Research achievements of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau based on 60 years of aeromagnetic surveys     

《China Geology》2021,4(1):147-177

The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (also referred to as the Plateau) has long received much attention from the community of geoscience due to its unique geographical location and rich mineral resources. This paper reviews the aeromagnetic surveys in the Plateau in the past 60 years and summarizes relevant research achievements, which mainly include the followings. (1) The boundaries between the Plateau and its surrounding regions have been clarified. In detail, its western boundary is restricted by West Kunlun-Altyn Tagh arc-shaped magnetic anomaly zone forming due to the arc-shaped connection of the Altyn Tagh and Kangxiwa faults and its eastern boundary consists of the boundaries among different magnetic fields along the Longnan (Wudu)-Kangding Fault. Meanwhile, the fault on the northern margin of the Northern Qilian Mountains serves as its northern boundary. (2) The Plateau is mainly composed of four orogens that were stitched together, namely East Kunlun-Qilian, Hoh-Xil-Songpan, Chamdo-Southwestern Sanjiang (Nujiang, Lancang, and Jinsha rivers in southeastern China), and Gangdese-Himalaya orogens. (3) The basement of the Plateau is dominated by weakly magnetic Proterozoic metamorphic rocks and lacks strongly magnetic Archean crystalline basement of stable continents such as the Tarim and Sichuan blocks. Therefore, it exhibits the characteristics of unstable orogenic basement. (4) The Yarlung-Zangbo suture zone forming due to continent-continent collisions since the Cenozoic shows double aeromagnetic anomaly zones. Therefore, it can be inferred that the Yarlung-Zangbo suture zone formed from the Indian Plate subducting towards and colliding with the Eurasian Plate twice. (5) A huge negative aeromagnetic anomaly in nearly SN trending has been discovered in the middle part of the Plateau, indicating a giant deep thermal-tectonic zone. (6) A dual-layer magnetic structure has been revealed in the Plateau. It consists of shallow magnetic anomaly zones in nearly EW and NW trending and deep magnetic anomaly zones in nearly SN trending. They overlap vertically and cross horizontally, showing the flyover-type geological structure of the Plateau. (7) A group of NW-trending faults occur in eastern Tibet, which is intersected rather than connected by the nearly EW trending that develop in middle-west Tibet. (8) As for the central uplift zone that occurs through the Qiangtang Basin, its metamorphic basement tends to gradually descend from west to east, showing the form of steps. The Qiangtang Basin is divided into the northern and southern part by the central uplift zone in it. The basement in the Qiangtang Basin is deep in the north and west and shallow in the south and west. The basement in the northern Qiangtang Basin is deep and relatively stable and thus is more favorable for the generation and preservation of oil and gas. Up to now, 19 favorable tectonic regions of oil and gas have been determined in the Qiangtang Basin. (9) A total of 21 prospecting areas of mineral resources have been delineated and thousands of ore-bearing (or mineralization) anomalies have been discovered. Additionally, the formation and uplift mechanism of the Plateau are briefly discussed in this paper.©2021 China Geology Editorial Office.  相似文献   

鄂南彬州—双龙地区断裂特征与铀成矿关系探讨     

刘坤鹏  于宏伟  武正乾  冯博  刘凯鹏  李卫 《地质论评》2023,69(Z1):171-174

  相似文献   

U-Pb dating of scheelite,wolframite and apatite from the Woxi Au-Sb-W deposit,western Hunan Province and their geological significanceSCIEI北大核心CSCD     

祝亚男  彭建堂  邢朗彰  唐燕文 《岩石学报》2023,(6):1829-1846

沃溪矿床位于湘西雪峰隆起区的转折部位,是该区金锑钨矿床的典型代表。该矿床成矿元素及成矿期次较为复杂,各成矿阶段的形成时代长期存在争议。本次研究在对沃溪矿床详细野外调查及岩相学观察的基础上,对深部中段矿体中的白钨矿、磷灰石及浅部中段矿体中的黑钨矿开展了U-Pb同位素分析。依据本次所获年龄数据,结合观察到的矿脉交切关系、矿物共生组合等特征,本文认为沃溪矿床除了加里东期成矿作用之外,还存在燕山期成矿作用。其中,白钨矿形成相对较早,成矿年龄为149.0±12Ma、144.8±1.7Ma、139.8±6.1Ma;黑钨矿与白钨矿同时生成(或稍晚),成矿年龄为137.8±3.9Ma、134.8±5.1Ma;自然金、辉锑矿主要在白钨矿、黑钨矿形成以后通过沉淀而成,且自然金在晚阶段(125.8±5.6Ma、123.8±4.6Ma)石英-碳酸盐脉中仍有少量产出。综合已有年代学资料推测,沃溪矿床可能在经历了加里东期陆内造山成矿作用之后,还经受了燕山期伸展构造背景下深部流体不同程度的叠加改造作用。而该矿床发现的矿脉原地破裂后被后期矿物胶结等现象,则指示其矿脉的形成与液压致裂作用有关,这种作用导致矿脉反复裂开-愈合,有利于成矿元素(尤其是金)的活化迁移和再富集沉淀。  相似文献   

The Pleistocene terrace staircase of the River Thame, central-southern England, and its significance for regional stratigraphic correlation, drainage development, and vertical crustal motions     

Rob Westaway 《Proceedings of the Geologists' Association. Geologists' Association》2011,122(1):92-112

The Thame is one of the principal left-bank affluents of the Thames, the largest river in southern England; it joins the Upper Thames at Dorchester, ∼20 km downstream of Oxford. Its terraces include a younger group of four, which date from the late Middle Pleistocene and Late Pleistocene, are disposed subparallel to the modern river, and represent drainage within the modern catchment. At higher levels there are three older terraces, the Three Pigeons, Tiddington and Chilworth terraces, which are assigned to MIS 16, 14 and 12. With much gentler downstream gradients, these are fragmentary remnants of much more substantial fluvial deposits, indicating a much larger river that was disrupted by the Anglian (MIS 12) glaciation. This interpretation supersedes an earlier view that the glacigenic deposits in the Thame headwaters correlate with the Blackditch terrace, the highest of the younger group, which has hitherto provided an argument that the glaciation in this region occurred in MIS 10. It is suggested that the headwaters of the pre-Anglian ‘Greater Thame’ river were located near Northampton and that the Milton Sands of that area represent an upstream counterpart of the Chilworth terrace deposits. It is envisaged that this early Middle Pleistocene drainage geometry, located between the Jurassic limestone and Chalk escarpments, developed as a result of the increase in uplift rates that followed the Mid-Pleistocene Revolution (MPR). It is suggested that before this time, including during the Early Pleistocene, the modern Thame catchment and adjacent regions drained southeastward through the Chalk escarpment, but these small rivers lacked the erosional power to cut through the Chalk in pace with the faster uplift occurring in the early Middle Pleistocene, and so became diverted to the southwest, subparallel to the Chalk escarpment, to form the pre-Anglian ‘Greater Thame’ tributary of the Upper Thames. The post-MPR uplift is estimated to decrease northwestward from 90 m in the Middle Thames to 75 m near the Thame-Thames confluence and to 65 m upstream of Oxford. The post-Anglian (post-450 ka) component of uplift decreases northward from 33 m near the Thame-Thames confluence to an estimated ∼20 m in the Northampton area; the relative stability of the latter area makes feasible the proposed correlation between the Milton Sands and the pre-Anglian River Thame. Limited post-Anglian uplift in the Northampton area is also inferred from the upstream convergence of the terraces of the modern rivers Nene and Great Ouse. These observed lateral variations in vertical crustal motions reflect lateral variations in crustal properties (including heat flow, crustal thickness, and thickness of underplating at the base of the crust) that are known independently. This study thus provides, for the first time, an integrated explanation of the Pleistocene drainage development across a large region of central-southern England.  相似文献